| Preface | p. ix |
| Introduction the Meaning of Freedom | p. 1 |
| the Stillbirth of Freedom in the Non-Western World | p. 7 |
| Primitive Beginnings | p. 9 |
| for the Creation of Eyes: Why Freedom Failed in the Non-Western World | p. 20 |
| the Greek Construction of Freedom | p. 45 |
| the Greek Origins of Freedom | p. 47 |
| the Emergence of Slave Society and Civic Freedom | p. 64 |
| the Persian Wars and the Creation of Organic (sovereignal) Freedom | p. 82 |
| | p. 95 |
| a Woman's Song: the Female Force and the Ideology of Freedom in Greek Tragedy and Society | p. 106 |
| Fission and Diffusion: Class and the Elements of Freedom in the Late Fifth Century and Beyond | p. 133 |
| | p. 146 |
| the Turn to Inner Freedom | p. 165 |
| the Intellectual Response in the Hellenistic and Early Roman World | p. 181 |
| Rome and the Universalization of Freedom | p. 201 |
| Freedom and Class Conflict in Republican Rome | p. 203 |
| the Triumph of the Roman Freedman: Personal Liberty Among the Urban Masses of the Early Empire | p. 227 |
| the Augustan Compromise: Sovereignal Freedom in Defense of Personal Liberty | p. 258 |
| Freedom, Stoicism, and the Roman Mind | p. 264 |
| Christianity and the Institutionalization of Freedom | p. 291 |
| Jesus and the Jesus Movement | p. 293 |
| Between Jesus and Paul | p. 304 |
| Paul and His World: a Community of Urban Freedmen | p. 316 |
| Paul and the Freedom of Mankind | p. 325 |
| the Medieval Reconstruction of Freedom | p. 345 |
| Freedom and Servitude in the Middle Ages | p. 347 |
| Medieval Renditions of the Chord of Freedom | p. 363 |
| Freedom in the Religious and Secular Thought of the Middle Ages | p. 376 |
| Coda | p. 402 |
| Notes | p. 407 |
| Index | p. 471 |