Upton Sinclair was born of a prominent but impoverished family in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 20, 1878. At the age of fifteen he began writing dime novels in order to pay his way through the College of the City of New York. While doing graduate work at Columbia University, he wrote six novels, including King Midas (1901), The Journal of Arthur Stirling (1903), and Manassas (1904). In 1906, he published The Jungle, the first indication of his conversion to socialism; this realistic study of inhuman conditions in the Chicago stockyards aided in the passage of the pure food laws and won Sinclair wide literary recognition. He invested the money he made from its sale in a Utopian experiment, the Helicon Hall Colony at Englewood, New Jersey. In 1915, he moved to California, where he later conducted four unsuccessful campaigns for public office. Between 1917 and 1927, he wrote a series of pamphlets on various aspects of American life: The Profits of Religion (1918); The Brass Check (1919), a study of journalism; The Goose-Step (1923) and The Goslings (1924), dealing with education; Mammonart (1925); and Money Writes! (1927). In 1934, he united large sections of the unemployed and progressive elements in an EPIC (End Poverty in California) league, which captured the Democratic party machinery and nearly won him the governorship of California. Later books include World's End (1940); Dragon's Teeth (1942), for which he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize; O Shepherd, Speak! (1949); and Another Pamela (1950).
Upton Sinclair was born into an impoverished Baltimore family on September 20, 1878. At fifteen, he began writing a series of dime novels in order to pay for his education at the City College of New York. He was later accepted to do graduate work at Columbia, and while there he published a number of novels, including The Journal of Arthur Stirling (1903) and Manassas (1904). Sinclair's breakthrough came in 1906 with the publication of The Jungle, a scathing indictment of the vile health and working conditions of the Chicago meat-packing industry. The work, which won him great literary praise, helped in the passage of the pure food laws during the Progressive Era. He also joined the company of several writers and journalists of the time who were branded as "muckrakers" by President Theodore Roosevelt. Sinclair used the money from The Jungle to begin a utopian experiment, the Helicon Hall Colony of Englewood, New Jersey. In 1915 he moved to California where he unsuccessfully ran for public office on four occasions. He wrote several politically progressive pamphlets and became a powerful figure in California's Democratic party, almost winning the governorship in 1934. After his defeat he continued to write books. Later works include World's End (1940); Dragon's Teeth (1942), which won him a Pulitzer Prize; O Shepherd, Speak! (1949); and Another Pamela (1950).